Vitamin K2 exists in multiple forms, collectively known as menaquinones (MK-n), which differ based on the length of their side chain. The two most commercially and clinically relevant forms are Menaquinone Forms, MK-4 and MK-7, each possessing distinct metabolic profiles. MK-4 (menaquinone-4) is found in animal products like meat, eggs, and dairy, and is unique in that it is produced by the body from Vitamin K1, rather than strictly by bacterial synthesis. It has a short half-life and is rapidly utilized by extrahepatic tissues like the pancreas and brain.

In contrast, MK-7 (menaquinone-7) is predominantly derived from bacterial fermentation, most notably from the traditional Japanese food Natto. MK-7 is increasingly favored in the supplements space due to its superior bioavailability and significantly longer half-life in the bloodstream, often lasting for days rather than hours. This sustained systemic presence allows MK-7 to more effectively activate VKDPs throughout the entire body, offering long-term protective effects for both cardiovascular and bone health.

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